Newcastle Draw Bias (AW) The most profitable stall at Newcastle in the win market when breaking it down to race trips is stall 3 over a trip of 1m , backing all runners in this stall over that trip over the past five years would have returned a profit of +120. Newcastle 7f Run Style Bias; Newcastle 1 Mile Run Style Bias; The Draw at Newcastle. They live up to both parts of their name, producing shots that fly very high with an easy draw. The course has a natural bias to low numbers (closest to the rail in right handed races). Ayr Gold Cup: draw bias, pace angle, trainer to follow and the verdict. Draw Bias 2022: Part 1. The Full Course Draw Biases information can be downloaded in CSV format. AEROJET MAX Driver. 2). The draw bias at Catterick offers runners drawn low over 5f-7f an advantage over those drawn high. b shows the approach to mapping risk-of-bias judgements within domains to an overall judgement for the outcome. 10 . This can help golfers adjust their shot shape, from a draw to a fade, depending on their swing and the desired ball flight. OR Rating is the latest published. Newcastle is totally different now so knowing that Frankie Dettori had a 38% strike rate there is no longer. The response options for an overall risk-of-bias judgement are the same as for individual domains. On soft ground the bias often reverses to low draws as runners tend to tack across to the stands’ rail (low). In this case, the data indicates that horses drawn. The Effect of the Draw. Newcastle Racecourse Guide & Fixtures. To me the draw bias isn't that strong, if you are hitting a hook with a draw club, you would most likely still be hitting a hook with a standard driver. Chelmsford Racecourse is known for its polytrack surface, which provides a fair and consistent racing surface. There is no recommendation, but it may be worth keeping an eye on these races for the future. At Newcastle last Thursday we saw a return of the traditional draw bias. The track sits within the 812-acre High Gosforth Park estate, just five miles from the city centre along the Great North Road and very close to the A1. The reports show stats split into thirds so that you can see stats for those drawn the lowest, in the middle, or the. Hence, there appears to be a draw bias towards the low numbers in sprints, particularly in small fields. 8/1. The Wilson Dynapower Titanium driver is Wilson's most forgiving of the two driver models and designed to produce a mild draw bias ball flight, helping combat the miss to the right as a right handed golfer. All three models feature customiseable weights and four standard. Hello Matt, my driver came with a VENTUS 5-R Fujikura shaft. 80/1. Cork Racecourse is located in Ireland and is known for its variety of courses that host different types of races. High. A key moment came with Leeds a goal up, courtesy of. No horse in the last ten renewals has carried more than 9st 6lb, which dents the chances of many at the. 31 (ROI +52. The Cobra Aerojet Max driver takes the top spot as the most draw biased driver of 2023. Leeds United keep alive their hopes of Premier League survival with a draw at home against Newcastle United - despite the late sending off of Junior Firpo in a match that has three penalties. In Monday's email Chris discusses what. It ranks in the top 5 for accuracy and forgiveness. Over 5 fulongs low draws are generally favoured, but over 6 furlongs in big fields or on easy ground high is the place to be. From 5f to 1 mile at Newcastle, the straight track is used (see below). and Seehra et al. The majority of the allocated balls - with the exception of all teams that. 29th Dec 18:30 | Horse Racing. Within each group we present a description of the reviewers involved in performing assessments, a description of the sample of studies assessed, and the results of the. Middle to high draws seemed at an advantage that day in the 25 runner race with the first six runners home drawn 13, 14, 18, 21, 20 and 22. Northumberland Plate Draw Bias. Should go close from stall 1. 18+ New UK & ROI Customers only. Being drawn low on the inside can provide a slight advantage due to the course’s one-turn configuration, but this is not a significant advantage. Features: A left handed galloping track with a one mile straight, the last half mile is uphill. This bias against the low drawn runners seems strongest over 5f and diminishes as the race distance increases. The Chester draw bias refers to whether or not a racehorse running at Chester has an advantage or disadvantage following the stall they have been drawn in. The Jumps course at Newcastle is run inside the flat course, and it many ways the course is very similar to Cheltenham in that it is a galloping left handed track with a long uphill run-in and some very stiff fences, which finds out any horses with stamina doubts. Leicester have an xG of 0, Seb Hutchinson just said on Sky. The reviewers found that some of the 29 items were difficult to apply to case-control. The observational studies found that compared with nonuse, cannabis did not reduce PTSD symptoms. Thus, providing consistent results from a straight. 3. 0 20H Adams Super 9031, Recoil 110F5 5I Cobra F9, CTLX 5 I-PW Mizuno MP-54, CTLX GW Nike VPC 54, 60 CBX. Newcastle Jockey Club’s Spring Carnival over two days in mid-September features four Group 3 races – the Newcastle Cup, the Cameron Handicap, the Spring Stakes and the Tibbie Stakes. Newcastle Draw Bias (AW) The most profitable stall at Newcastle in the win market when breaking it down to race trips is stall 3 over a trip of 1m , backing all runners in this stall over that trip over the past five years would have returned a profit of +120. It can be seen that an inner stall has indeed been favourable over the years. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile and 1 furlong (1,811 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late September. The draw biased clubs tend to be 10. The Stealth Rescue may lack the carbon face of its bigger siblings in the new TaylorMade carbon wood family, but the DNA proves out in performance. Together with Beverley, Chester probably has the most well known draw bias in the country, see. Wolverhampton's surface tends to ride a bit quicker than the tapeta at Newcastle, perhaps possibly due more to the layout whereby Newcastle has a long straight and stamina seems to be more important. The Northumberland Plate Festival, also known as Plate Day, is a flat handicap horse race that is run at Newcastle Racecourse each year in late June or early July. org. Newcastle AW 7 Furlongs. also found that the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was the most frequently used tool to assess risk of bias in NRS. Substantial draw bias. It has been though that low is favoured at 6 furlongs, however this suggests that it is actually their is no bias whatsoever over 6 furlongs at Chelmsford City Racecourse. XXIO Prime irons feature the same titanium face and 110-percent larger sweet spot than 2019. Racecourse Draw Bias Site Map. Non-randomised studies of the effects of interventions are critical to many areas of healthcare evaluation, but their results may be biased. Jockeys. The Mavrik drivers feature what. The surface is Tapeta, which is the same as the Southwell and Wolverhampton surfaces. “Our results suggest that citations are mostly based on the conclusion that authors draw rather than the underlying data. 1 The use of the NOS for nonrandomized case- control studies and observational studies - has been promoted by the Cochrane Collaboration. Certain deposit methods and bet types excl. Grand National. Risk of bias using a Modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale Article Selection bias Exposure bias Comparability bias Outcome bias Definition of ACL injured population Source population Typical of average ACL injured population Sample Size How performance using a functional test was decided Demonstrates outcome was not present. The standard model is available in 2H (17°), 3H (19°), 4H (21°) 5H (24°) and 6H (28°) with the KBS PGI premium aftermarket shaft in (80-S, 70-R, 60-A) and a Lamkin Crossline (58+) grip. Next race off. Newcastle have been dealt a fiendish set of assignments against Paris Saint-Germain, Borussia Dortmund and Milan in their first Champions League group stage campaign since the 2002-03 season. 5 3 W OG Ping Rapture, OG HZ Black 75 6. Min deposit £5. Certain deposit methods and bet types excl. Contact and Location. 2006 results :- 1-9, 5-9, 8-11, 6-12, 10-17, 12-17, 14-17, 16-17. On the round course low draws have a slight edge at all distances up to 1m4f, although it seems at its strongest at 1m. Newmarket July Course Racing takes place on the July course in high summer. Newcastle United were handed an almighty Champions League draw against PSG, Borussia Dortmund and AC Milan but this is a challenge to relish rather than fear. Issues for cluster-randomized trials are discussed in Chapter 16 (Section 16. In terms of the 5-furlong distance at Cork Racecourse, the. Many shrewd horse racing punters research whether there is a draw bias at York Racecourse. The other study found no evidence of a difference between intermittent self-dilatation for six months versus for 12 months after optical urethrotomy (RR 0. All Racecards for 28 Aug 2023. Every combination of course, distance, going range and field size range are analysed and the resulting data produced in the table. Callaway’s most forgiving driver. A look at the minimum trip first. As with the LST, there’s about seven yards worth of correction between the two positions. Min first £5 bet at minimum odds 1/2 to qualify for 1x 20 free bet. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more accurate. Draw advantage bias NEWCASTLE 1m Round. Newcastle changed from a turf flat course to an all weather one in 2016, employing a Tapeta surface for the new project. Mrs J A Wakefield And Partner until 31 Mar 2021. Newcastle Draw Bias: 6f We examine the draw bias on Newcastle’s 6f track. Clearly. Furthermore, the racing surface can be harrowed to create the desired going, ranging from firm to soft, and the going remains consistent across the width of the track, thereby eliminating any draw bias. The Best and Worst Draw Biases at Today's Meetings. A lot of modern drivers give players options to promote a draw or fade bias. 7. Racecourse Draw Bias Site Map. Stalls usually positioned LOW, sometimes Centre (C) 2 charts. 5 goals Odds: -105 Even though they're suffering with a lengthy list of injuries at present and have lost each of. Pos. Runners outside 10 are at some disadvantage. Our horse racing tipsters can be influenced by the draw of the. High Draw Not The High Ground – Seventeen of the last twenty winners came from stall 14 or lower. TaylorMade is an industry leader when it comes to coining terms, and “Fargiveness” is among their best. NEWMARKET: Rowley Mile - Any advantage in the draw is dependent on the position of the stalls. A Grade 1 track over the jumps, Newcastle’s Flat turf track is now long gone. The Gunners dropped points for just the third time this season as they were held to a frustrating draw at home to Newcastle United. 8), with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £9304 per quality-adjusted life-year. See full list on britishracecourses. Redcar Draw Guide. The grip is a midsize Wilson branded Tour Velvet equivalent and feels good. That means the highest stall is nearest to the stand’s side rail. November 25, 2023. . It is the mainly the result of the layout of the track, the track rating (Good, Dead, Slow or Heavy. 5* (+1/N) RPG 462 F4. DIFF is the difference between the RPR the horse recorded and their expected RPR. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2. The three different styles are horses that led, horses which were mid pack, and horses held up at the back. In fact, the winners at 6 furlongs are split roughly two-thirds in the lower half and one-third in the upper half. Interestingly, this bias is less significant over 6 furlongs, though a high draw is generally preferable. Fitter notesThe Stealth 2 HD gets its name from its draw bias profile, built to combat slices and produce straighter golf shots. A hit off the toe should fade. Cons. Use the reports to find out if a particular distance at a racecourse has a draw bias. That said, by way of a quick guide, below is a broad-brush summary of Newcastle draw performance. Better sound and feel than previous models. What is the draw advantage at Nottingham racecourse? Geegeez says: “In terms of draw bias, it appears there is a growing advantage to those runners racing closest to the standside rail. In races of 5f and 6f, almost two-thirds of all winners come from stalls 1-3 and all of the place positions are occupied by those horses in 55% of renewals. Stout draw bias. 99. Track: Newcastle Distance: 6f Stalls: High (Occasionally Centre) Summary:. Our horse racing tipsters can be influenced by the draw of the. Kempton racecourse is based in Surrey and hosts both jumps and flat racing. 1) From the increased separation of the lateral weight tracks, it was able to create more draw/bias capability. Being drawn. Featuring an innovative design and cutting-edge technology, this driver is designed to help you get more out of your game. Both Quigley et al. Pros. Their Polytrack surface, just like the Tapeta at Newcastle, is grossly underrated by many punters, mainly traditionalists. Newcastle Tips & Odds. Free bet valid for 7 days, stake not returned. Arsenal will be quietly happy with their draw, as they make a first Champions League group stage appearance since 2016/17. Also course maps and pace bias analysis for all UK Racecourses. Those races are both valuable sprints while the ‘Plate’ – also known as the Pitmens’ Derby – is a two-mile handicap and often billed as a Northern Hemisphere Melbourne Cup. At the tight turning course of Chester for example, this low draw bias is well known and documented. Jockey Hayley Turner statistics and form. The Plate Day. Coroebus (white cap) won the 2,000 Guineas after being drawn in stall one Credit: Alan Crowhurst (Getty Images) The Front Runner is Chris Cook's morning email exclusively for Members' Club Ultimate subscribers, available here as a free sample. There is no draw bias at longer distances. 6 School of Pharmacy and. Nice enough draw and one to watch in the market but pretty. Arsenal's Premier League title chances took a hit on Tuesday night as they played out a frustrating 0-0 draw with third-placed Newcastle United at the Emirates Stadium. Latest win at Nottingham in April. The two most useful tools identified in this review are the Downs and Black instrument and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (Downs 1998, Wells 2008). If you want the most profitable stall at Lingfield then you need to look at races over 2m and focus on stall 8 as this has produced an LSP of +29. Newmarket (July) Draw Bias The most profitable stall at Newmarket (July) in the win market when breaking it down to race trips is stall 2 over a trip of 1m4f , backing all runners in this stall over that trip over the past five years would have returned a profit of +30. 5). Since the formation of the club in 1892, when Newcastle East End absorbed the assets of Newcastle West End to. The Mavrik Max driver is built with a large footprint and a draw bias for golfers seeking the highest launch, the most forgiveness, and an anti-slice trajectory. There is no draw bias on the round course. It's just draw biased with more weight towards the heel. The 5f Nottingham course – a straight 5 – shows a draw bias for high numbers. I still hit a fade with my draw driver, just not quite as heavy of one. 82: The Southwell figures are relatively even which is what I would have expected. Draw Bias Summary for Kempton. Like its siblings in the LTDx range, the Max features a H. The race is perfectly timed as a lead-up race to the Group 1 Championships events in Sydney. But you shouldn’t buy a fairway wood based on what your favorite pro uses. 6f 1st 4 Master Dandy 5/4F 2nd 7 Mattella 40/1 3rd 2 Ballsbridge 3/1 Winning Trainer: J R Fanshawe Winning Jockey: R Coakley Non-Runners: None (All 7 Ran) View full pre-race odds View all odds 17:18 - Stay In. 18+ New UK & ROI Customers only. Draw Bias Analysis: Kempton 6 Furlongs. GERMAN LOTTERY RESULTS: My phone casino: Itv 7 racing competition: Greyhound derby heats 2022. This is reflected in the rankings of individual distances, where Haydock ranks quite low. The Epsom Racecourse draw bias refers to whether or not a racehorse running at. In this follow-up piece, I will reveal my top 5. The winner Toasted Special was drawn top of the shop in 30, with the next 10 runners home drawn 16, 25, 20, 28, 26, 27, 17, 22, 24 and 19. Trainer First time out stats. Slight draw bias. __5. Result: Seventy-seven articles were identified. An FA spokesperson said: "Arsenal FC has been charged with a breach of FA Rule E20. The Draw at Newcastle. 2. Plate Day 2023. Sandown racecourse does have a draw bias, especially over the sprint distances. Leicester have come with a plan, and it has sorta kinda worked. 5f at Newcastle have a bias to high. However, by being aware of the impact of emotion and bias, we can work to account for such influences in the manner in which we draw conclusions and make decisions. 10 . To draw conclusions about the overall risk of bias for an outcome it is necessary to summarize these. 5 with the hosel adjustment. The Best Driver for a Slice for 2023. The same PKR2 face as seen. 33, while the least profitable stall and trip combination is stall 10 over 5f, with an LSP of -98. We help you pick winners by providing expert tips and insights from those in the know. Newcastle AW 6 Furlongs. Uncertainty associated with study bias was not reflected in the economic results. 1 win from 3 runs this year. For instance a horse which has good form at a flat track such as Huntingdon, is unlikely to reproduce such form on the undulations of Towcester. DONCASTER: High numbers have an advantage on the straight course. The best finishing position for a single figure drawn horse was a distant 15th! Another example of a high draw bias over 6f occurred on 13th April in the Four Star Keadeen Hotel Handicap. This would true for any clubhead where the center of gravity is far enough behind the face to produce a gear effect, like in the case with drivers, fairway woods or many hybrids. Certainly Orientor can go high from stall 12, but we'll have a look today to see how they are getting on and we could go with the low numbers. 6 of 6. As well as today's horse racing form, we also publish tomorrow's. Here we have the draw bias for Wolverhampton taken into consideration races with ten or more runners, we will break down the figures by race. The middle column indicates what percentage of the other horses are beaten by the horses in each of the 9 categories. And low numbers are favoured on the round course. The wide nature of the course means starting stalls are often placed in different positions, so long term stats on draw bias will prove inconclusive. Draw bias - you need low numbers to have best chance of winning on straight track when going is soft or heavy. Ground conditions, weather, and handicapping blots can. 67, 95% CI 0. Contents show 1 What is the draw advantage at Nottingham racecourse? 2 Is there a draw bias at Newcastle? 3 Is there a draw. NEWCASTLE - All Weather: None at present. Newcastle 1-1 Watford: Eddie Howe 'hugely disappointed' by Hornets' late equaliser. That said, by way of a quick guide, below is a broad-brush summary of Newcastle draw performance. The resultant chart shows the Draw Advantage Pattern produced by the winning stall numbers. The Pace Indicator (PI) is a quick representation of the analysis, and indicates the. You'll need to square up your swing path to correct this. This chart shows horse racing results for horses aged 3 years or older only. The data and stats are updated in real-time from our Hamilton Horse Racing Results for the information shared on the draw bias. 6. The resultant chart shows the Draw Advantage Pattern produced by the winning stall numbers. Min deposit £5. Newcastle AW One Mile. As with any major handicap, weight is a big factor. Royal Ascot. 1 win from 3 runs this year. We don't know where you want to be yet, as the Newcastle draw bias moves around, but I think you want to be high. This is the FlatStats Draw Bias Stats page for Thursday 2nd Nov 2023. Super high MOI help’s keep they face squarer on off-center hits. The TaylorMade Stealth 2 HD driver just wants to do one thing: hit high, right-to-left bombs. The tightness of the horse racing track means the draw advantage is very influential here. The draw bias index can be used to identify horses to back (if the index is blue), and to identify horses that. The draw will be discrete – a horse can occupy one stall and one stall only – but the effect of the draw should not be. 3. 33%. The standard Stealth 2 fairway falls between the adjustable, player-centric Plus model [full review HERE] and the ultra forgiving, strong draw bias HD [full review HERE]. Here we have the draw bias for Newcastle taken into consideration races with ten or more runners, we will break down the figures by race distance, draws can be much more. The findings are as follows. With the horse drawn in the inside stall winning nearly a third of the races. 9 hours ago · Newcastle took the lead after 17-year-old midfielder Lewis Miley assisted Alexander Isak on 13 minutes but Chelsea equalised when Raheem Sterling dipping free. On 11/26/2014 at 1:07 PM, tww said: At best, a draw bias driver head can only tweak the ball flight shape a little bit, and only when 1) the amount of weight moved into the heel is north of 25 grams, and 2) the golfer is very consistent with his path and face delivery and point of impact on the face. Good fifth of 16 in handicap at Chester (18. Some drivers help golfers achieve a draw bias through lie angle, pushing the toe in the air to make it more upright and. Welcome to our official guide to Newmarket Racecourse, the Home of British racing. For the full technology breakdown, check out our 2021 Ping G425 driver launch piece. Newcastle 5f Draw Bias. For axillary hyperhidrosis cost-effectiveness results indicated that iontophoresis, BTX, medication, curettage and ETS was the most cost-effective sequence (probability 0. J A Osborne until 15 Nov 2021. This article describes how to interpret funnel plot asymmetry, recommends appropriate tests, and. 6f, soft, 14/1) 50 days ago. Accept all. Marc Atkins/Getty Images. A deep, heel-bias center of gravity, plus offset and a lighter swing-weight, cure a slice and launch shots high. However, as with any bias, this can vary depending on the individual race conditions and other factors, such as the. Min deposit £5. The graphs below indicate what percentage of horses with a particular running style won over each particular distance. The straight course sees races from 5f to 1m and generally the runner tend to run down the centre of the course rather than against either rail. 50 Words or Less. Newcastle Draw Bias (AW) The most profitable stall at Newcastle in the win market when breaking it down to race trips is stall 3 over a trip of 1m , backing all runners in this stall over that trip over the past five years would have returned a profit of +120. Is there a draw bias at Newcastle? On the straight course high draws have a slight edge, while there is no bias over the round 1m. Similarly to the 5f distance, the stand side rail is favoured by jockeys so for this reason the high stall numbers have an advantage. Download our free Racing Post app. The horse racing draws are perhaps the most overlooked factor in horse racing statistics in November 2023. The response options for an overall risk-of-bias judgement are the same as for individual domains. This is the best option on the market for that scenario. 18+ New UK & ROI Customers only. 75 with Klarna. You can get full runners and riders, draw analysis and pace maps, and latest odds. "After a successful return last week, one question remains at Ascot - is the straight biased in favour of the low-draw. Draw biases can be totally different now too. 1 Mile at Southwell. weighted bar plots of the distribution of risk-of-bias judgements within each bias domain. PONTEFRACT: Low. Geegeez racecards feature horse, trainer and jockey form for all meetings in UK and Ireland today. Draw Bias: Strong – The stall against the stand’s rail (high) wins three times as often as it should. For that reason it is best to reset all known draw bias data and start afresh. Call an adviser and speak one to one for confidential advice, information and emotional support. S France. There is no conclusive draw bias on the Newcastle flat course. right. This chart shows horse racing results for horses aged 3 years or older only. Is There A Draw Bias At Newcastle? By Josefina Kelly / November 16, 2022. They turn right at the one-mile point onto the Bunbury Mile, making up the July Course. Mine is also a 10. In particular, over 5 and 6 furlongs, the course ranks 29th and 27th out of 31 and 29 courses, respectively. They are often studied in psychology, sociology and behavioral economics. Some characteristics of this tool have been assessed, such as inter-rater reliability, which has been variable ranging from fair to high depending on the types of observational studies. Having said that, it would have paid dividends perming the three highest draws. Newcastle Pace Bias Statistics. Introduction. Min deposit £5. 18+ New UK & ROI Customers only. Share this article: Image Credit: Getty Images. However, clinical reasoning is a learnt skill (Higuchi & Donald, 2002; Kamin, O’Sullivan, Deterding & Younger,8. A goalless draw against Leicester City on Monday secured Newcastle’s spot in next season’s Champions League for the first time in 20 years, a sensational rise for a team on course to be. Newcastle Racecourse, High Gosforth Park, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE3 5HP. Prominent causes of bias are publication bias, with studies giving positive results more frequently submitted for publication and more likely to be published (Roehr, 2012); English language bias—negative studies are less likely to be published in. 00 which is equivalent to losing 79 pence for. Going The Distance – Sixteen of the last twenty winners had scored over. By Dolkree / 1 Comments. On the straight course high draws have a slight edge, while there is no bias over the round 1m. Get Started. The one problem with Newcastle is that strong biases do occur, but not all the time. Got the new 0211 about a month ago… (9 degree) took it to the range and tried various lofts. Best Draw-Bias Driver – TaylorMade Stealth HD. We also integrate tips from the top industry experts and odds. Newcastle has a straight 6f track, where the stalls are normally high. Based on the average dimensions of the average 450-460cc volume head, a 20g weight slid to the outer heel edge of the sole will only move the CG 1/8" to 3/16" away from where it. Distances of 1m2f, 1m4f and 2m are run on the round course. The Pace Indicator (PI) is a quick representation of the analysis, and indicates the. Although it has a draw bias design, it proves to be fairly straight, which is an extreme benefit. Wolverhampton 6 furlong Run Style Bias. The TaylorMade Stealth HD driver is the highest launching member of the Stealth driver family. But that is just my experience with a couple draw drivers. NB: The turf course was replaced by an. The resultant chart shows the Draw Advantage Pattern produced by the winning stall numbers. Use audio icon to listen to 5 live commentary of Newcastle United 1-0 Manchester City in the 3rd round of the EFL Cup Isak scores winner for Magpies FT: Lincoln 0-1 West HamArsenal boss Mikel Arteta expresses his anger to the fourth official during Tuesday's draw with Newcastle. Stalls always positioned on the inside. 18+ New UK & ROI Customers only. Part 2 of Pace Analysis in Horse Racing. However, there does appear to be a draw bias over some distances. This chart shows horse racing results for horses aged 3 years or older only. I have freshened them up and this has been their target for a while. 10 . However, over the longer distances such as 6 and 7. Draw Range - The race is divided into three draw ranges for Low, Middle and High. High launch and low spin with plenty of forgiveness – a great combination for consistency. Key Characteristics. Think of it as being. This chart shows horse racing results for horses aged 3 years or older only. Calculations are based on information from 2008 through to the current date.